* An elegant mathematical model (Maxwell’s equations) predicts electromagnetic radiation, but presumed features of the predicted radiation are doubtful. Specifically, light, heat and radio emissions are depicted as multicycle electromagnetic sine waves; but those emissions are probably half-cycle ie one-phase photons.
1) I doubt that multicycle photons exist, contrary to every depiction of radiation dynamics out there. Multicycle photons are not expected from properties of their sources and do not account for the radiant effects on targets. I doubt that they are implied in Maxwell's equations. Misleading conceptualizations confuse,
eg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpGBs307qYs ,
and: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pe4j144wDJo
I believe that half-cycle ie one-phase photons are expected from properties of radiant sources and half-cycle ie one-phase photons account for radiant effects.
2) I doubt that a radio wave is a long unitary/coherent wave of frequency matching the transmitter's. Instead, each phase of a transmission cycle must be a shower of much shorter photons (possibly infrared) emitted from countless accelerating antenna electrons and spinning in phase-dependent directions on axes paralleling the transmitter’s antenna (transverse to the photon's trajectory). A well known model envisions multi-photon composition of a radio-wave phase, but seems to confuse photon spin with circular polarization which isn't spin.
3) I suspect that photons are emitted from electrons of a radio-transmitter's antenna as they are accelerated by a pulse of electromotive force (EMF) being propagated between ends of the antenna. This mechanism probably accounts for the fact that transmission is optimal when each branch of a dipole-antenna is 1/4 as long as the transmitted wave. This length relation results in cooperative unimodal standing waves of EMF centered in each antenna branch). Radio-wave photons would be much shorter than the radio waves they transmit. Spin is the only photon characteristic that could faithfully carry radio-phase information so that alternate phases of photon showers would accelerate receiver-antenna electrons oppositely.
4) A radio telescope seems designed to pick up and analyze showers of ordinary-size photons rather than gigantic photons. Conceivably, cosmic microwave background does consist of gigantic photons (postulated to be ordinary photons greatly stretched).
5) Considering how photons are made and act, I suspect that a photon is a disc or ring or spheroid of magnetic flux about an axis of EMF, progressing in space like a frisby (axis transverse to trajectory) not like a football or rifle bullet (axis in line with trajectory). Unpolarized light and heat would have photon axes pointing randomly in all directions transverse to trajectory. Polarized light and heat would have photon axes pointing mainly in two opposite directions transverse to trajectory. Radio signals would be polarized paralleling the transmitter antenna, with photons of oppositely pointing axes sorted into phases as depicted below.
* This model can be tested and, if validated, can provide a platform to examine and understand photons in the ways listed in the first paragraph above. After posting it, I saw that it is something like a reversed electron-spin model.
* In a Science Question/Answer site called Quora, under "What is the shape and volume of a photon?", Jay Wacker seems to anticipate my model: Photons are point particles with no substructure as far as we have been able to determine. Photons have momentum and spin, no mass or charge. The spin is manifested in its polarization. You can think of this as two different photons that can be interchanged by rotating them 90 degrees around the axis that they are going.
Stages of this conjecture have been published:
http://ethicsblackhole.blogspot.com/2016/11/radio-signals.html
http://ethicsblackhole.blogspot.com/2016/10/electromagnetic-radiation_7.html
http://ethicsblackhole.blogspot.com/2016/09/quantum-models.html
In a Quora article Phonse Fagan wrote: According the writer R.W. Lam, Einstein said: ‘All the fifty years of conscious brooding have brought me no closer to answer the question, “What are light quanta?” Of course today every rascal thinks he knows the answer, but he is deluding himself.’
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